现代 CSS

CSS3 Media Queries在iPhone4和iPad上的运用

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CSS3 Media Queries的介绍在本站上的介绍已有好几篇文章了,但自己碰到的问题与解决的文章还是相对的较少。前几天在《修复iPhone上submit按钮bug》上介绍了修复form中sumit按钮的bug。同一个项目,为了实现iPhone和iPad横板与竖板的风格,让我还是头疼了一翻。

一开始按照CSS3 Media Queries模板中的介绍来运用,虽然帮我解决了iPad的横板与竖板的风格渲染问题,但在iPhone4上还是存在问题的。后来结过网上的查找,总算是问题解决了,下面就来看看问题是如何解决的。

在具体开始之前,先来看看他的源码:

	<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
	<meta charset="UTF-8">
	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">	
	<title>login form</title>
	<style type="text/css" media="screen">
		button,
		input{
		  margin: 0;
		  font-size: 100%;
		  vertical-align: middle;
		  *overflow: visible;
		  line-height: normal;
		}
		button::-moz-focus-inner,
		input::-moz-focus-inner {
		  padding: 0;
		  border: 0;
		}
		button,
		input[type="button"],
		input[type="reset"],
		input[type="submit"] {
		  cursor: pointer;
		  -webkit-appearance: button;
		}
	
		body {
			margin: 0;
			padding: 58px 2% 2%;
		  background: -webkit-gradient(
		  	linear, 
		  	left top, 
		  	left bottom, 
		  	color-stop(0%,rgba(61,157,179,1)), 
		  	color-stop(15%,rgba(61,157,179,0.3)), 
		  	color-stop(40%,rgba(61,157,179,.5)),
		  	color-stop(70%,rgba(239,239,239,.4)),
		  	color-stop(100%,rgba(239,239,239,0.3)));
			background: -webkit-linear-gradient(
				top, 
				rgba(61,157,179,1) 0%,
				rgba(61,157,179,0.8) 15%,
				rgba(61,157,179,.5) 40%,
				rgba(239,239,239,.4) 70%,
				rgba(239,239,239,0.3) 100%);
		  	background-repeat: no-repeat;
				background-attachment: fixed;
		}
		form {
			margin: 0;
			padding: 0;
		}
		form fieldset {
			border: none;
			border-radius: 10px;
			box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.13);
			background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
		  background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(rgba(255,255,255,0.8)), to(rgba(216,216,216,0.8)));
		  background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,rgba(255,255,255,0.8), rgba(216,216,216,0.8));
		  background-repeat: repeat-x;
		  padding:20px 5%;
		  margin: 0;
		  position: relative;
		  border: 1px solid rgba(216,216,216,0.8);
		}
		.control-group {
			margin-bottom: 15px;			
		}
		
		.control-label {
			color: #405c60;
			display:block;
			line-height: 18px;
			font-weight: normal;
			font-size: 16px;
			display:inline-block;
			min-width: 80px;
			max-width: 80px;
			text-align: right;
			margin-top: 12px;
			vertical-align: top;
		}
		.controls {
			display: inline-block;
			vertical-align: top;
			width: 65%;
		}
		input {
    	outline: medium none;
		}
	input:not([type="checkbox"]){
		width: 90%;
		margin-top: 4px;
		padding: 10px;	
		border: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178);
		-webkit-appearance: textfield;
		-webkit-box-sizing: content-box;
	       box-sizing : content-box;
       border-radius: 3px;
	        box-shadow: 0px 1px 4px 0px rgba(168, 168, 168, 0.6) inset;
		-webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear;
	        transition: all 0.2s linear;
		}
		input:not([type="checkbox"]):active,
		input:not([type="checkbox"]):focus{
			border: 1px solid rgba(91, 90, 90, 0.7);
			background: rgba(238, 236, 240, 0.2);	
 			box-shadow: 0px 1px 4px 0px rgba(168, 168, 168, 0.9) inset;
		}
		.form-actions {
			text-align: center;			
		} 
		.form-actions input{
			width: 30%;
			cursor: pointer;	
			background: rgb(61, 157, 179);
			padding: 8px 5px;
			font-family: 'BebasNeueRegular','Arial Narrow',Arial,sans-serif;
			color: #fff;
			font-size: 24px;	
			margin: 5px;
			border: 1px solid rgb(28, 108, 122);	
			margin-bottom: 10px;	
			text-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
			border-radius: 3px;	
			box-shadow:0px 1px 6px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07) inset,
	        0px 0px 0px 3px rgb(254, 254, 254),
	        0px 5px 3px 3px rgb(210, 210, 210);
		 -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear;
	        transition: all 0.2s linear;
	   -webkit-appearance: none;     
		}
		.form-actions input:hover{
			background: rgb(74, 179, 198);
		}
		.form-actions input:active,
		.form-actions input:focus{
			background: rgb(40, 137, 154);
			position: relative;
			top: 1px;
			border: 1px solid rgb(12, 76, 87);	
		  box-shadow: 0px 1px 6px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) inset;
		}
	</style>	
    </head>
    <body>
        <form name="form1" method="post" action="2.html" onsubmit="return check()" class="form-horizontal">
					<fieldset>
						<div class="control-group">
							<label for="text1" class="control-label">用户名:</label>
							<div class="controls">
								<input id="username_reg" type="text" name="text1" onblur="check()" required="required" />
								<div class="help-inline" id="div1"></div>
							</div>
						</div>
						<div class="control-group">
							<label for="text2" class="control-label">密码:</label>
							<div class="controls">
								<input id="password_reg" type="password" name="text2" onblur="check()" required="required">
								<div class="help-inline" id="div2"></div>
							</div>
						</div>
						<div class="control-group">
							<label for="text3" class="control-label">确认密码:</label>
							<div class="controls">
								<input id="confirm_reg" type="password" name="text3" onblur="check()" required="required" />
								<div class="help-inline" id="div3"></div>
							</div>
						</div>

						<div class="form-actions">
							<input type="button" value="提交" name="tect6" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="reg()" />
							<input type="reset" value="重置" name="text7" class="btn" />
						</div>
					</fieldset>           
        </form>
    </body>
</html>
	

现在在iPhone4竖板是OK的,如下图所示

但现在需求是,在iPhone4的横板以及iPad的横板与竖板下,也需要让表单居中显示:

上图显示的是iPad竖板下的需求,横板下也需要类似的效果。

需求明确,做法也是有思路的,首先我按照:CSS3 Media Queries模板中的模板在样式中增加了代码:

	/*iPad竖板*/
	@media screen and (max-device-width: 768px) and (orientation: portrait) {
    form {
      margin: 0 25%;
    }
  }
	/*iPad横板*/
	@media screen and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (orientation: landscape) {
    form {
      margin: 0 25%;
    }
  }
	/*iPhone4*/
	@media only screen and (max-device-width: 480px),
    only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) {
			form {
        margin: 0 ;
			}
      .controls {
        width: 68%;
      }
	}
	

加上上面代码后在iPad下是正常了,而且不会有什么问题存在。但在iPhone4上依然存在一个怪异的现象:当你iPhone4加载页面是用横板加载,再旋转到竖板,不会存在任何问题,而且显示也是蛮正常的。但是初始加载页面是竖板,然后在旋转到横板,就有问题了,表单给放大了

初步给我感觉就是放大了,但具体是不是因为这个原因,我也不太清楚,查找了一些资料,也尝试了无解决办法。最后也从横板竖板的思路出发查找资料,经过一试,给解决了,下面来看看这段代码:

	/* iPhone 4 竖板 */
@media
only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:portrait),
only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5)  and (orientation:portrait){
    form {
      margin:0;
    }
		.controls {
			width: 68%;
		}
}

/* iPhone 4 横板 */
@media
only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:landscape),
only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5)  and (orientation:landscape){
    form {
        margin:0 10%;
    }
		.controls {
			width: 68%;
		}
}
	

这样一来就OK了。在iPhone4和iPad的横竖板下都能正常让表单居中显示。

那么以后大家在iPhone4和iPad设备上,就可以按照横竖板来定样式了:

1、iPhone4竖板

	@media
	only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:portrait),
	only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5)  and (orientation:portrait){
		/*你的样式写在这里*/	
	}
	

2、iPhone横板

		@media
		only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:landscape),
		only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5)  and (orientation:landscape){
			/*你的样式写在这里*/
		}
	

3、iPad竖板

	@media screen and (max-device-width: 768px) and (orientation: portrait) {
		/*你的样式写在这里*/
  }
	

4、iPad横板

	@media screen and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (orientation: landscape) {
		/*你样式写在这里*/
  }
	

上面四种CSS3 Media Queries就是用来对付iPhone4和iPad的,至于其他的运用,大家参考下面我重新整理的CSS3 Media Queries模板:

CSS3 Media Queries 模板:

1、Smartphones (竖板和横板)

		@media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) {
			/* 你的样式写在这里 */
		}
		//===或者====//
		< link rel="stylesheet" href="smartphones.css" media="only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px)" />
	

2、Smartphones (横板)

		@media only screen and (min-width : 321px) {
			/* 你的样式写在这里 */
		}
		
		//===或者====//
		< link rel="stylesheet" href="smartphones-landscape.css" media="only screen and (min-width : 321px)" />
	

3、Smartphones (竖板)

		@media only screen and (max-width : 320px) {
			/* 你的样式写在这里 */
		}
		//===或者====//
		< link rel="stylesheet" href="smartphones-portrait.css" media="only screen and (max-width : 320px)" />
	

4、iPad(竖板和横板)

		@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) {
			/* 你的样式写在这里 */
		}
		//===或者====//
		< link rel="stylesheet" href="ipad.css" media="only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px)" />
	

5、iPad横板

		@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px)	and (orientation : landscape) {
			/* 你的样式写在这里 */
		}	
		//===或者====//
		< link rel="stylesheet" href="ipad-landscape.css" media="only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px)	and (orientation : landscape)" />
	

6、iPad的竖板

		@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : portrait) {
			/* 你的样式写在这里 */
		}
		
		//===或者====//
		< link rel="stylesheet" href="ipad-portrait.css" media="only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : portrait)" />
	

7、Desktops and laptops

		@media only screen and (min-width : 1224px) {
			/* 你的样式写在这里 */
		}
		
		//===或者====//
		< link rel="stylesheet" href="desktops-and-laptops.css" media="only screen and (min-width : 1224px)" />
	

8、Large screens

		@media only screen and (min-width : 1824px) {
			/* 你的样式写在这里 */
		}
		//===或者====//
		< link rel="stylesheet" href="large-screens.css" media="only screen and (min-width : 1824px)" />
	

9、iPone4

		@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5),only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) {
			/* 你的样式写在这里 */
		}
		//===或者====//
		< link rel="stylesheet" href="iphone4.css" media="only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5),only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5)" />
	

10、iPhone4竖板

	@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:portrait),	only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5)  and (orientation:portrait){
		/*你的样式写在这里*/	
	}
	//===或者====//
		< link rel="stylesheet" href="iphone4-portrait.css" media="only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:portrait),	only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5)  and (orientation:portrait)" />
	

11、iPhone4横板

		@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:landscape),only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5)  and (orientation:landscape){
			/*你的样式写在这里*/
		}
		//===或者====//
		< link rel="stylesheet" href="iphone4-landscape.css" media="only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:landscape),only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5)  and (orientation:landscape)" />
	

上面罗列了常用的CSS3 Media Queries模板,特别是在移动设备上的几种,希望对大家在今后的移动开发端上的运用有所帮助。当然CSS3 Media Queries的运用条件往往不只这些,大家完全可以根据自己的需求去定义不同的条件,但个人建议,使用CSS3 Media Queries采用主流就Ok了。随着潮流走嘛。那么今天就扯到这了。如果大家有更好的经验,可以通过下面的评论与我们一起分享。

2012年04月16日更新:iPad 3 Media Query

@media only screen and (min-device-width: 1536px) and (max-device-width: 2048px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)
{
  // your CSS
}

如需转载烦请注明出处:W3CPLUS

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